农业微生物，主要是指与农业生产（种植业、养殖业）、农产品加工、农业生物技术及农业生态环境保护等有关的应用微生物的总称。伴随高科技的介入使微生物的开发，成为一个新兴的战略型产业，微观世界的开发现在已经使农业生物化成为农业发展中的重要分支。
Agricultural microorganisms, mainly refers to the general term of applied microorganisms related to agricultural production (planting industry, aquaculture industry), agricultural product processing, agricultural biotechnology and agricultural ecological environmental protection. With the intervention of high technology, the development of microorganisms has become an emerging strategic industry, and the development of micro-world has now made agricultural biologization an important branch of agricultural development.
近年来，我国农业微生物市场发展势头迅猛，而市场空间依然较大，如微生物肥料仅占肥料总用量的10%，相比微生物技术在医学上的应用，农业微生物发展整体上仍处于初级阶段。
In recent years, China's agricultural microbial market has developed rapidly, but the market space is still large. For example, microbial fertilizers only account for 10% of the total fertilizer consumption. Compared with the application of microbial technology in medicine, the development of agricultural microorganisms is still in its infancy.
微生物在农业中的应用
The application of microorganisms in agriculture
现在农业上已广泛将微生物应用于饲料、肥料、农药、食物、能源、环境保护剂等方面。微生物农药、微生物肥料、微生物饲料和微生物环境保护剂等产业的兴起和产品与技术的推广应用，对实现绿色食品生产和生态安全具有重要作用。
Now in agriculture, microorganisms have been widely used in feed, fertilizer, pesticides, food, energy, environmental protection agents and other aspects. The rise of microbial pesticides, microbial fertilizers, microbial feeds and microbial environmental protection agents and the promotion and application of products and technologies play an important role in the realization of green food production and ecological safety.
微生物饲料主要有单细胞蛋白和菌体蛋白饲料、发酵糖化饲料及秸秆微生物发酵饲料等。单细胞蛋白和菌体蛋白饲料是利用有机废物来生产蛋白饲料。发酵饲料是利用各种有益微生物，把秸秆类粗饲料加工成营养丰富适口性好的饲料。微生物饲料添加剂也属微生物饲料类，主要有酶制剂、真菌添加剂、维生素类、抗生素类、氨基酸类、活微生物等。通过生物发酵工程制取的微生物及代谢物、转化物作伺料，正广泛应用于畜牧业生产中。
The microbial feed mainly includes single cell protein and cell protein feed, fermentation saccharification feed and straw microbial fermentation feed. Single cell protein and cell protein feed is the use of organic waste to produce protein feed. Fermented feed is the use of various beneficial microorganisms, straw roughage processing into nutrient-rich palatability of good feed. Microbial feed additives are also microbial feed, mainly enzyme preparations, fungal additives, vitamins, antibiotics, amino acids, live microorganisms and so on. The microorganisms, metabolites and transitions prepared by biological fermentation engineering are widely used in animal husbandry production.
微生物肥料
Microbial fertilizer
利用微生物的生命活动及代谢产物的作用，改善作物养分供应，为农作物提供营养元素、生长物质、调控生长、增强抗逆性，达到提高产量、改善品质、减少化肥使用、提高土壤肥力。微生物肥料的主要种类有根瘤菌肥料、固氮菌肥料、解磷、解钾菌肥料、光合细菌肥料、复合微生物肥料、微生物生长调节剂、菌根制剂、抗生菌肥料及促进植物生长的根细菌类制剂。
The use of microbial life activities and metabolites to improve crop nutrient supply, provide nutrients and growth substances for crops, regulate growth, enhance stress resistance, to increase yield, improve quality, reduce fertilizer use, and improve soil fertility. The main types of microbial fertilizers are rhizobia fertilizer, azotobacter fertilizer, phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization fertilizer, photosynthetic bacteria fertilizer, composite microbial fertilizer, microbial growth regulators, mycorrhizal preparations, antibacterial fertilizer and root bacteria preparations that promote plant growth.
微生物农药
Microbial pesticides
为减少使用化学农药，保护人类生存环境，研究开发利用有益微生物及其代谢产物防治作物病虫害已取得了较为理想的效果。目前微生物农药主要开发有微生物杀虫剂、微生物杀菌剂、微生物除草剂及利用微生物代谢分泌的有效活性物质制成的农用抗生素杀虫、杀菌剂。微生物杀虫剂中细菌类杀虫剂以苏云金芽孢杆菌推广应用面积最大，而且杀虫效果非常理想。
In order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and protect the human living environment, the research, development and utilization of beneficial microorganisms and their metabolites have achieved better results in crop pest control. At present, the main development of microbial pesticides are microbial insecticides, microbial fungicides, microbial herbicides and agricultural antibiotics made of effective active substances secreted by microbial metabolism. Among the microbial insecticides, Bacillus thuringiensis has the largest application area, and the insecticidal effect is very ideal.
农业微生物展望
Prospects of agricultural microorganisms
近年来，微生物在农业领域中的重要性得到了更多认识。发展农业微生物产业事关国家粮食安全保障和耕地质量提升，支持农业碳达峰、碳中和目标实现，促进可持续农业发展，微生物产业将在解决粮食可靠供给方面发挥积极作用。
In recent years, the importance of microorganisms in the field of agriculture has been more recognized. The development of agricultural microbial industry is related to national food security and the improvement of cultivated land quality, supporting the realization of agricultural carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, and promoting sustainable agricultural development, and microbial industry will play a positive role in solving the reliable supply of food.
目前我国农业微生物行业整体发展不够完善，缺乏核心微生物菌株，从而缺乏国际核心竞争力。伴随着现代生物科学的发展，农业微生物研究进步迅速。多组学联用研究的深入，新一代测序、基因编辑、合成生物、生物信息、人工智能、大数据等技术的突破，驱动微生物从传统单一功能菌株到合成功能菌株、从自然筛选菌株到人工设计菌株的重要转变，代表着农业微生物的新一轮技术革命。农业微生物的研究和应用会成为加快农业创新发展、提升农业科技竞争力的主导力量。
At present, the overall development of China's agricultural microbial industry is not perfect, the lack of core microbial strains, and the lack of international core competitiveness. With the development of modern biological science, the research of agricultural microbiology has made rapid progress. The deepening of multi-group research, breakthroughs in next-generation sequencing, gene editing, synthetic biology, biological information, artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies have driven the important transformation of microorganisms from traditional single-function strains to synthetic functional strains, and from natural screening strains to artificially designed strains, representing a new round of technological revolution in agricultural microorganisms. The research and application of agricultural microorganisms will become the leading force to accelerate the development of agricultural innovation and enhance the competitiveness of agricultural science and technology.
1、我国农业微生物发展趋势
2、我国农业微生物产业发展研究
