花生是我们日常生活中不可或缺的食用植物油和植物蛋白的重要来源。与水稻、小麦、玉米等大作物相比，花生是个小作物。一直以来，高油品种培育是花生育种界难题。普通花生中油酸含量约为40%，而高油酸花生品种能达75%以上，通俗来说，油酸含量越高榨出的油就越好。
Peanuts are an important source of edible vegetable oil and vegetable protein that are indispensable in our daily lives. Compared with large crops such as rice, wheat, and corn, peanuts are a small crop. The cultivation of high-oil varieties has always been a difficult problem in the peanut breeding industry. The oleic acid content in ordinary peanuts is about 40%, while high-oleic acid peanut varieties can reach more than 75%. Generally speaking, the higher the oleic acid content, the better the oil will be.
中国花生单产、总产和消费量均居于世界首位。在我国，高产优质抗病的新品种选育一直是农业科学家们的主要目标。然而目前我们在生产上推广的优良品种，主要还是通过传统的杂交育种技术选育而成，这个过程不仅周期长，效率低，而且成本也相当高。
China's peanut yield, total output and consumption rank first in the world. In China, the breeding of new varieties with high yield, high quality and disease resistance has always been the main goal of agricultural scientists. However, the excellent varieties we currently promote in production are mainly selected through traditional cross-breeding technology. This process is not only long-term, low-efficiency, but also very costly.
随着科技的进步，我们有了新的选择。分子标记辅助选择技术，它能显著提高育种的精准性和效率。这一点，我们可以从2019年我国花生骨干亲本狮头企、伏花生以及美国匍匐型花生品种Tifrunner公布的基因组序列中得到验证。
As technology advances, we have new choices. Molecular marker-assisted selection technology can significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of breeding. This can be verified from the genome sequences published in 2019 for China’s backbone peanut parents Shitouqi and Fuhuahuahua, as well as the American creeping peanut variety Tifrunner.
图片来源：sciencedirect.com
这一举动不仅推动了花生重要农艺性状的分子标记开发和应用，也为成功选育出了高油酸且高含油量、高油酸且抗病的花生新品种或新种质提供了可能。未来将会重点关注优异野生种质资源的表型精准鉴定，建立高通量的表型及基因型检测平台，以及全基因组选择技术策略的应用。
This move not only promotes the development and application of molecular markers for important agronomic traits of peanuts, but also provides the possibility to successfully breed new peanut varieties or germplasm with high oleic acid, high oil content, high oleic acid and disease resistance. In the future, we will focus on the precise phenotypic identification of excellent wild germplasm resources, the establishment of high-throughput phenotypic and genotypic detection platforms, and the application of whole-genome selection technology strategies.
通过对品质性状QTL定位及分子标记开发，主要对油酸含量和脂肪含量的影响。再通过抗病性状QTL定位锁定病源。花生的主要病害包括叶斑病、锈病、青枯病、网斑病、根结线虫病等，在生产上可造成产量大幅下降和经济损失。
Through QTL mapping and molecular marker development for quality traits, the main impact is on oleic acid content and fat content. Then locate the source of the disease through QTL positioning for disease resistance traits. The main diseases of peanuts include leaf spot, rust, bacterial wilt, net spot, root-knot nematode, etc., which can cause a significant decrease in yield and economic losses in production.
图片来源：onlinelibrary.wiley.com
花生栽培品种对许多主要病害都缺乏高抗或免疫的种质资源，与栽培花生相比，花生野生种遗传多样性丰富、抗性强，是抗病虫育种的宝贵资源。最终通过产量组成性状QTL定位，完成QTL定位及分子标记开发。
Peanut cultivated varieties lack germplasm resources with high resistance or immunity to many major diseases. Compared with cultivated peanuts, peanut wild species have rich genetic diversity and strong resistance, and are valuable resources for disease and pest resistance breeding. Finally, through QTL mapping of yield composition traits, QTL mapping and molecular marker development were completed.
作物产量是易受环境影响的复杂数量性状，通过对产量组成性状的遗传解析，获得关键遗传变异位点、开发分子标记，并挖掘候选基因，通过遗传转化和基因编辑技术，可以实现产量性状的分子设计育种。
Crop yield is a complex quantitative trait that is easily affected by the environment. Through genetic analysis of yield component traits, key genetic variation sites are obtained, molecular markers are developed, and candidate genes are mined. Through genetic transformation and gene editing technology, yield traits can be achieved. Molecular design breeding.
The latest research progress on molecular marker-assisted breeding of peanuts is as follows:
1. 根结线虫病抗性与高油酸性状聚合的分子标记辅助育种
1. Molecular marker-assisted breeding for root-knot nematode resistance and high oleic acid trait aggregation
2. 利用分子标记辅助选择创制不同脂肪含量的高油酸种质
2. Use molecular markers to assist selection to create high-oleic acid germplasm with different fat contents.
3. 高油和抗青枯病品种的分子标记辅助油酸品质改良
3. Molecular marker-assisted oleic acid quality improvement in high-oil and bacterial wilt-resistant varieties
4. 分子标记辅助育种聚合花生抗锈病、晚斑病和高油酸性状
4. Molecular marker-assisted breeding to develop peanut resistance to rust, late leaf spot and high oleic acid traits
1、花生加工品质学
2、花生地方资源蛋白质和脂肪含量分析及育种利用策略
3、花生种质资源的综合评价
