生物技术创新助推水产养殖发展
随着全球人口的不断增长，鱼类资源的日益减少，以及国际形势的影响，水产养殖业作为全球最重要的食品来源之一，起着至关重要的作用。目前，我国已稳居世界第一渔业大国，养殖水产品占到全球养殖产量的60%以上。
With the continuous growth of the global population, the decreasing fish resources, and the impact of the international situation, aquaculture, as one of the most important food sources in the world, plays a crucial role. At present, China has firmly ranked as the world's largest fishery country, and aquaculture aquatic products account for more than 60% of global aquaculture production.
虽然“家底”丰厚，但是我国水产养殖也存在一些挑战，比如我国水产养殖业的发展和质量提升面临着遗传改良品种少、良种率低、病害严重、育成品种生产性能下降快、育种技术进步慢等突出问题，要解决这些问题单纯依靠传统育种技术已经难以实现，所以必须依赖于水产生物技术的不断创新和推广应用。
There are also some challenges in aquaculture in China. For example, the development and quality improvement of China's aquaculture industry is faced with outstanding problems such as few genetically improved varieties, low rate of improved seeds, serious diseases, rapid decline in production performance of bred varieties, and slow progress in breeding technology. It is no longer possible to solve this problem simply by relying on traditional breeding technology, so we must rely on the continuous innovation, promotion and application of aquatic biotechnology.
基因编辑、基因合成技术等成为水产育种研究热点
Gene editing and gene synthesis technologies have become hot spots in aquatic breeding research
水产育种技术是水产养殖业中的重要环节，近年来，随着合成生物学技术的发展，基于基因编辑和基因合成技术的新型育种方法也逐渐成为水产育种领域的研究热点。
Aquatic breeding technology is an important link in the aquaculture industry. In recent years, with the development of synthetic biology technology, new breeding methods based on gene editing and gene synthesis technology have gradually become a research hotspot in the field of aquatic breeding.
合成生物学是一种新兴的交叉学科，将工程设计原理与生物学有机地结合在一起，旨在创造新的生物系统或改进现有生物系统的功能。在水产育种学中，合成生物学已经得到广泛的应用，可以帮助实现水产养殖业的可持续发展。
Synthetic biology is an emerging interdisciplinary field that organically combines engineering design principles with biology, aiming to create new biological systems or improve the functionality of existing biological systems. In aquatic breeding, synthetic biology has been widely applied and can help achieve sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.
合成生物学在水产育种中的作用
The Role of Synthetic Biology in Aquatic Breeding
1、合成生物学可以通过遗传改造来提高水产养殖物种的抗病性和适应性。可以利用合成生物学技术将某些药物或基因导入到水产生物中，从而提高其免疫功能和疾病抵抗力。此外，合成生物学还可以帮助改善水产生物的生长速度和饲料利用效率，提高养殖效益和生态效益。
2、合成生物学可以应用于水产养殖系统的设计和优化。可以利用合成生物学技术构建人工生态系统，并在其中集成多种水生生物，从而实现资源的最大化利用和环境的最小化污染。
合成生物学在水产育种中的发展前景
The Development Prospects of Synthetic Biology in Aquatic Breeding
合成生物学在水产育种中的应用前景十分广阔，可以帮助改善水产养殖物种的抗病性和适应性，这种新型育种方法将为水产养殖业提供有力的支持，帮助实现水产养殖业可持续发展和生态保护。
参考文献：
2、Hallerman, E. Genome editing in cultured fishes. CABI Agric Biosci 2, 46 (2021).
