RNA干扰（RNAi）是一种天然的生物防御机制，旨在防止有害基因的表达。近年来，科学家们开始探索将RNA干扰技术应用于农业领域，以开发新型的RNA农药。RNA农药因其具有特异性较强、开发成本较低、安全绿色等优点正受到越来越多的关注。
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural biological defense mechanism designed to prevent the expression of harmful genes. In recent years, scientists have begun to explore the application of RNA interference technology in the field of agriculture to develop new types of RNA pesticides. RNA pesticides are getting more and more attention because of their advantages such as strong specificity, low development cost, safety and green.
根据专利检索，我国累计申请关于RNA干扰技术应用于生物农药的专利超2000条，近十年的申请量年均超100条，申请人主要来源于各大科研院所和高校。但我国在成果转化、产业化及商业化程度上，仍在探索早期。据Mordor Intelligence的研究数据显示，RNAi产品市场在预测期内 （2022-2027）复合增长率将达10.12%，美国是RNAi产品的最大市场，而亚洲则是增长速度最快的地区。
According to the patent search, there are more than 2,000 patents applied for on the application of RNA interference technology to biopesticides in China, and the average number of applications in the past ten years has exceeded 100 per year. The applicants mainly come from major scientific research institutes and universities. However,China is still in the early stages of exploration in terms of achievement transformation, industrialization and commercialization. According to research data from Mordor Intelligence, the compound growth rate of the RNAi product market during the forecast period (2022-2027) will reach 10.12%. The United States is the largest market for RNAi products, while Asia is the fastest growing region.
什么是RNA农药？
What is RNA pesticide?
RNA农药是一种利用RNA干扰技术来实现病虫害防治的农药。RNA农药通过向植物或有害生物体内导入特定序列的RNA分子，特定的RNA序列将与有害生物细胞内的DNA序列进行配对，触发RNA干扰机制，从而抑制与疾病相关的基因表达。这种抑制作用将影响有害生物的生长和繁殖，甚至可能导致其死亡，最终达到保护植物的目的。
RNA pesticide is a pesticide that uses RNA interference technology to achieve pest control. RNA pesticides introduce a specific sequence of RNA molecules into plants or pests, and the specific RNA sequence will be paired with the DNA sequence in the cells of the pest, triggering RNA interference mechanisms, thereby inhibiting the expression of genes associated with disease. This inhibition will affect the growth and reproduction of pests, and may even lead to their death, and ultimately achieve the purpose of protecting the plant.
RNA农药的应用场景
The application scenario of RNA pesticides
RNA农药主要应用于农业领域的作物保护和植物生长促进等方面。
RNA pesticides are mainly used in crop protection and plant growth promotion in the agricultural field.
图片来自网络
RNA农药可以通过干扰有害生物体内的病虫害、生理代谢等相关基因，控制有害生物的种群数量，预防和减轻病虫害对农作物的损害。例如，通过导入针对病虫害相关基因的RNA分子，可以抑制病虫害的生长、繁殖和生存能力，从而保护农作物。
RNA pesticides can control the population of pests by interfering with the diseases and pests in the body, physiological metabolism and other related genes, and prevent and reduce the damage of pests and diseases to crops. For example, by introducing RNA molecules that target genes associated with pests and diseases, crops can be protected by inhibiting the growth, reproduction and survival of pests and diseases.
植物生长促进
Plant growth promotion
RNA农药也可以通过干扰植物体内的生长相关基因，促进植物的生长和发育。例如，通过导入针对植物生长相关基因的RNA分子，可以抑制植物生长过程中的不利因素，从而提高植物的生长速度和产量。
RNA pesticides can also promote plant growth and development by interfering with growth-related genes in plants. For example, by introducing RNA molecules that target genes related to plant growth, adverse factors in the growth process of plants can be inhibited, thereby increasing the growth rate and yield of plants.
RNA农药的发展前景
The development prospect of RNA pesticides
随着科学技术的不断进步，RNA农药有望在农业领域发挥更加重要的作用。
With the continuous progress of science and technology, RNA pesticides are expected to play a more important role in the agricultural field.
提高作用效率方面：目前RNA农药的作用效率受到多种因素的影响，如RNA分子的稳定性、导入方法等。未来有望通过改进RNA分子的设计和导入方法，提高RNA农药的作用效率，降低使用剂量和使用成本。
At present, the action efficiency of RNA pesticides is affected by many factors, such as the stability of RNA molecules and the introduction method. In the future, it is expected that by improving the design and introduction methods of RNA molecules, the action efficiency of RNA pesticides can be improved, and the dose and cost of use can be reduced.
降低副作用方面：由于RNA干扰是一种强大的生物防御机制，因此在使用RNA农药时需要谨慎操作，避免对非目标生物和环境造成负面影响。需要进一步研究RNA农药的副作用和安全性问题，并采取有效措施降低其对非目标生物和环境的损害。
Since RNA interference is a powerful biological defense mechanism, it is necessary to exercise caution when using RNA pesticides to avoid negative effects on non-target organisms and the environment. The side effects and safety of RNA pesticides need to be further studied, and effective measures should be taken to reduce their damage to non-target organisms and the environment.
发现新靶标方面：随着基因组学和生物信息学的发展，有望发现更多与疾病和有害生物相关的基因靶标。这将为RNA农药的开发提供更多的选择，从而提高其防治效果和使用范围。
With the development of genomics and bioinformatics, more gene targets related to diseases and pests are expected to be discovered. This will provide more options for the development of RNA pesticides, thereby improving their control effectiveness and scope of use.
应用范围的拓展方面：目前，RNA农药主要应用于农作物保护和害虫控制等领域。随着RNA干扰技术的不断发展和完善，RNA农药有望应用于更多的领域，如林业、畜牧业、医疗等领域。
At present, RNA pesticides are mainly used in the fields of crop protection and pest control. With the continuous development and improvement of RNA interference technology, RNA pesticides are expected to be applied in more fields, such as forestry, animal husbandry, medical treatment and so on.
RNA农药是一种基于RNA干扰技术的全新农药类别，是具有高度特异性和系统性的全新机制药物。它结合了化学农药和转基因作物两种科技的优势，有望带来农业可持续发展道路上的又一次科技革命，是当前和未来科技战略必争的前沿领域。
RNA pesticide is a new type of pesticide based on RNA interference technology, which is a new mechanism drug with high specificity and system. It combines the advantages of chemical pesticides and genetically modified crops, which is expected to bring another scientific and technological revolution on the road of sustainable agricultural development, and is the frontier field of current and future scientific and technological strategies.
1、RNA干扰从基因功能到生物农药；
2、基于RNA干扰的生物农药的发展现状与展望；
3、RNA农药：第三次农业革命。
4、RNA农药——农化巨头带头闯市场，新型农药的春天要来了？
